Studies of the norm and psychometrical properties of the ages and stages questionnaires, third edition, with a Chinese national sample / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3), to China, created ASQ-Chinese (ASQ-C) and carried out studies of its national norm and the psychometrical properties in the children aged 1-66 months in the mainland of China in collaboration with the author of the ASQ System and under the authorizations from its publisher on translation, researches, publication and distribution of the ASQ-3.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The ASQ-3 questionnaires were translated and adapted into a Simplified Chinese version, the ASQ-C, with six steps such as translation, back-translation and adaptation and so on to ensure consistency with the core of the original document and to have the cultural relevance in China.A stratified cluster sampling method was utilized to recruit children aged 1-66 months with respect to demographic characteristics such as the proportion of population in each administrative region and in urban and rural areas and so on that are representative of 2010 China census data.A sample size of over 200 was collected for each ASQ-C age interval.Children were excluded from the normative sample who (1) are from communities or villages at an elevation of 2 000 m or above and(or) where simplified Chinese is not the official language, or (2) had been diagnosed as having a developmental delay by any authoritative organizations.The national normative sample for the ASQ-C had a total sample size of 4 452, sample size within each age interval ranged from 218 to 227, including 2 230 male cases and 2 222 female cases, 2 236 urban cases and 2 216 rural cases.A convenience sample was recruited from the normative sample to examine inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability in all six administrative regions.Researchers completed the ASQ-C on the same child with their parents for 162 children for inter-rater reliability(the size of each ASQ-C age interval was 5-9); parents of 168 children completed another age-appropriate ASQ-C for test-retest reliability during 10-15 days after they completed the normative ASQ-C(The size of each ASQ-C age interval is 6-10). Another convenience sample was recruited from the follow-up of low birth weight infants for the concurrent validity of the ASQ-C in comparison with the Beijing Gesell.Parents of 198 children completed age-appropriate ASQ-C and professional administered to the children with the Beijing Gesell.In the ASQ-C norm and test-retest reliability, parents completed the age-appropriate ASQ-C, independently or with needed assistance. In inter-rater reliability, researchers completed the same ASQ-C after parents. In validity test, after parents completing age-appropriate ASQ-C, professional tested children with the Beijing Gesell.Data were analyzed using SPSS version 13.0 software.The mean and standard deviation of the national normative sample were calculated, reliability and validity of the ASQ-C was examined.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The demographic characteristics of this Chinese sample match the 2010 China census data on gender, urban or rural location, and family income.All 20 intervals of the ASQ-C were standardized on 21 national normative samples.Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole measure was 0.8.The Pearson correlation coefficient between the ASQ-C total scores of the two raters was 0.8.The Pearson correlation coefficient between the ASQ-C total scores of the two times was 0.8 (all P<0.000 1). The sensitivity of ASQ-C was 87.50% and the specificity of ASQ-C was 84.48%.The percentage of the agreement between the ASQ-C and the Beijing Gesell was 84.74%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These findings indicate that the ASQ-C is a reliable and valid measure with a representative national sample aged 1-66 months.It can be used to screen and monitor the development of children in the mainland of China.</p>

THE PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF LYCOPENE ON HYPERGLYCEMIA IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS AND ITS MECHANISM / 营养学报

Objective: To study the preventive effect of lycopene (LP) on hyperglycemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and reveal its possible mechanism.Method:Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 5 groups:three groups of LP at doses of 5, 20, 50 mg(/kg bw ?d)for 15d, one control group and one model group of salad oil. Then alloxan (ALx) were injected intraperitoneally to the rats at dose of 150 mg/kg bw. At D4 and D14 after ALx injection, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and body weight was measured, and at D14 GSP, FINS, NEFA, SOD,GSH-Px and MDA in liver were also determined . Results:Compared with the indices in group with ALX injection only,both the 2h blood glucose and GSP in group with medium-dose LP decreased significantly(P

EFFECT OF THEANINE ON DELAYING EXERCISE-INDUCED FATIGUE AND ITS MECHANISM / 营养学报

Objective: To study the effect of theanine on delaying exercise-induced fatigue, and reveal its possible mechanism.Method: Mice were randomized into 4 groups:three groups of theanine at doses of 5.6、8.4、12.6 mg/(kg bw?d),and one control group given distilled water.After 30 d,burdened swimming time,serum BUN,liver glycogen,and monoamine neurotransmitters(5-HT、DA and NE) concentrations in brain were measured.Results: Compared with the control group,both the burdened swimming time and the liver glycogen level of 8.4、12.6mg/(kg bw?d)groups increased significantly (P

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIETARY FAT ON GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND INSULIN SENSITIVITY / 营养学报

Objective: To investigate the effects of different dietary fat on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in rats. Methods: Fifty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups and fed on basal diet (low fat diet) and four test diets containing 30.4% fat of total energy as lard, perilla oil, sunflower oil or olive oil respectively for 6 w. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and blood samples were taken for measurement of serum insulin, triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) level. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated and epididymal fat pad was weighed. Results: In comparison with rats fed low fat, rats fed lard had a low ISI and a high serum glucose level 120 min after glucose load. The ISI in groups of sunflower oil and olive oil was markedly higher than in lard group, whereas serum glucose at 120 min was significantly lower. Serum glucose and insulin level both at 0 min and 120 min were significantly lower and ISI was higher in perilla oil group than that in lard group. Moreover, rats fed perilla oil had a low fasting glucose and a higher ISI compared with rats fed sunflower oil, olive oil and low fat respectively. Serum TC and TG were significantly lower in rats fed perilla oil than in rats fed low fat and lard respectively. Relative epididymal fat pad weight was lower in rats fed perilla oil than in rats fed lard. Conclusion: Perilla oil is effective in increasing insulin sensitivity and improving glucose metabolism in rats, and the effects of sunflower oil and olive oil are between that of perilla oil and lard. The hypoglycemic effect of perilla oil might be mediated, at least in part by reducing triglyceride level and body fat accumulation.